Electron and Hole
Suppose you use a bus to travel from your home to varsity. One morning I got on the bus to go to class but there is only 1 seat left on the bus and it is in the back row.
So, you were forced to go and sit there. After going some distance, one of your front rows got up. As a result, his seat became empty and you got up from your seat and went there. At the next stop, one of the front rows of your current seat went down, again you got up and sat down.
Thus, after a while, one seat in front of you became vacant and you also started moving forward in a row. Then I reached the varsity and saw that you were sitting in the front row seat.
What do you think, when did Voltage Lab start writing stories again? But the story of the electron and the hole is inextricably linked to this story of our daily lives.
Electrons and holes are a type of charge carrier for which charge flows in semiconductors mixed with extrinsic or adulterated.
The hole is basically the emptiness of electrons or the absence of electrons and in reality, the hole has no existence, it is just an idea. According to the above story, you can consider yourself as an electron.
Whenever you leave a seat and move forward, the previous seat becomes empty and in the language of electronics, it is called a hole. In fact, electrons behave exactly the same way, creating a hole whenever they move from one atom to another.
Then another electron arrives in that hole and at one point he also leaves. Basically, electrons are not permanently located in an atom. Electrons are dynamic so holes are also dynamic. Electrons and holes always move in opposite directions.
Electrons are negatively charged so the hole is considered to be positively charged. Electrons and holes basically act as conductors of electricity in semiconductors. Wherever the hole flows, the current flows in exactly the same direction.
And the electron is on its opposite side. The electrical current in P-type semiconductors occurs mainly due to positive charge or holes. So, the hole here is the highest charge carrier and the positive charge or electron is the lowest charge carrier.
In N-type semiconductors, on the other hand, the most important carrier is the electron and the least carrier is the hole.