Optical Ground Wire Opgw Cable!
Optical Ground Wire - We are all familiar with the transmission line. These lines greet us when traveling by rail, highway, or river.
Electrical engineering students observe the line with great attention. He must have noticed a kind of narrow one with the top of the transmission tower. This cable is called OPGW, which stands for Optical Ground opgw Wire.
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The work of optical ground opgw wire and the reason for such naming
It is basically an optical opgw fiber that communicates between grid substations and also helps in earthing work i.e. it is capable of excessive flow and suppression due to lightning. Like killing two birds with one stone. That is why it has been named the Optical Ground War.
Structure and nature of optical ground wire
Its structure is turbulent in nature. It is made up of multiple optical opgw fiber bunches. It is surrounded by a layer of steel and aluminum.
The conductive part of it acts as a grounding and the shielded part acts as a lightning barrier It looks a lot like the ACSR (Aluminum Cable Steel Reinforced) opgw Cable to the naked eye.
The existing single-mode optical opgw fiber can transmit both high-speed data and voice. The amount of data transmission loss in this type of opgw fiber is very low.
History
It was first patented in 1987 by the British Insulated Calendars Cables Company. Since then it has been widely used since 1980. In 2000, 60,000 km of optical ground lines were replaced worldwide. China was the first to start marketing this opgw cable.
Preparation of optical ground opgw wire
8 to 48 optic opgw fibers are placed in a plastic tube. This plastic tube is then inserted into the aluminum-coated tube. Some extra fiber is added to the glass opgw fiber to protect it from stress.
A type of buffer tube is then placed in it to protect it from rainwater, then with the buffer tube, it is inserted into the aluminum steel reinforced type opgw cable.
It's a lot like a toothpick box where a lot of toothpicks are packed into a cylindrical box. Optic opgw fiber bundles can have a maximum of 144 optical opgw fibers.
What technology was used before the OPGW?
This is a fancy technology used for OPGW substation-to-substation communication. Earlier, power line carrier communication was used to maintain communication. Web traps are used for communication in this process.
What is a web trap?
Electrical signals and communication signals are transmitted simultaneously to the power line carrier communication system. The device used to separate communication signals from these two types of signals is called a web trap.
Optical ground wire installation
A weatherproof spice box is used when laying on the OPGW transmission line. Which helps the line to be connected from one terminal to another. Its other name is Junction Box.
Bandwidth Sharing Business
Currently, SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition system) is a unique technology for maintaining communication at substations. And one of the tools of this technology is OPGW, through which voice or data signals are transmitted at the speed of light.
Bangladesh Power Grid Company sells bandwidth to third party or telecom company even after its own use. Robi, Grameenphone provides internet services to its customers through PGCB's OPGW CABLE line.
Why is it used instead of a public telephone network?
To understand this, the issue of bandwidth needs to be cleared first. Bandwidth is the amount of binary data that can be transmitted on a radio/fiber channel at any given time. In a word, it can be called data speed.
For example, an estimate of how many cars will come and go on a road. Now if there are more cars on the road then there will be a traffic jam.
Similarly, using public telephone networks will reduce their bandwidth. So the call may be cut off in an emergency. Transmission can take a long time.